Category: post

Architecture comparison showing complex specialized vector database setup versus simple PostgreSQL pgvector unified solution for AI workloads

Why PostgreSQL Beat Specialized Vector Databases: A DBA’s Perspective

Posted on by sanjeeva

Last Updated: December 2025 | By Sanjeeva Kumar | 20+ Years in Database Systems The Plot Twist Nobody Saw Coming Two weeks ago, PostgreSQL’s pgvector extension released version 0.8.0. Within days, the entire vector database market collectively held its breath. Why? Because that “old guard” relational database just made billion-dollar vector database startups look like Read more about Why PostgreSQL Beat Specialized Vector Databases: A DBA’s Perspective[…]

pgvector extension for PostgreSQL enabling vector similarity search and AI embeddings storage with neural network visualization

PostgreSQL as Vector Database: Complete pgvector Installation & Configuration Guide [2025]

Posted on by sanjeeva

Last Updated: December 10, 2025Tested On: PostgreSQL 16.1, pgvector 0.8.1 The explosion of AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) has created massive demand for vector databases. Instead of adopting a new specialized database, you can transform PostgreSQL into a powerful vector database using pgvector. This guide shows you exactly how to install, configure, and use Read more about PostgreSQL as Vector Database: Complete pgvector Installation & Configuration Guide [2025][…]

PostgreSQL Schema Resolution Issues in ETL Processes

Posted on by sanjeeva

Have you ever encountered a frustrating situation where your PostgreSQL function works perfectly when executed directly but fails through your ETL tool? Recently, we faced this exact scenario with our Database (dv_d), and I wanted to share our investigation and solution to help others facing similar issues. This turned out to be a PostgreSQL schema Read more about PostgreSQL Schema Resolution Issues in ETL Processes[…]

PostgreSQL Read-Only User: Complete Permission Setup Guide

Posted on by sanjeeva

Are you struggling with PostgreSQL read-only user permissions? This step-by-step guide will show you exactly how to create and configure read-only users in PostgreSQL 16. Whether you’re a database administrator or developer, you’ll learn how to properly set up schema-level permissions and avoid common pitfalls. The Challenge: PostgreSQL Read-Only Access Not Working Many developers face Read more about PostgreSQL Read-Only User: Complete Permission Setup Guide[…]

Installing PostgreSQL 16 on RHEL 9 using DNF package manager with step-by-step terminal commands

How to Install PostgreSQL 16 on RHEL 9/Red Hat Linux [2025 Guide]

Posted on by sanjeeva

Last Updated: December 10, 2025Tested On: RHEL 9.3, PostgreSQL 16.1 PostgreSQL 16 is the stable release of the powerful open-source relational database system, offering enhanced performance, security, and new features. This comprehensive guide walks you through installing PostgreSQL 16 on RHEL 9 with step-by-step instructions, commands, and best practices. Why Upgrade to PostgreSQL 16 on Read more about How to Install PostgreSQL 16 on RHEL 9/Red Hat Linux [2025 Guide][…]

PostgreSQL Configuration Parameters: Essential Settings Guide

Posted on by sanjeeva

Understanding PostgreSQL Configuration Parameters PostgreSQL’s default configuration rarely fits production workloads. Whether you’re managing a small application database or an enterprise data warehouse, knowing which PostgreSQL configuration parameters to adjust can mean the difference between sub-second queries and application timeouts. In this guide, we’ll cover the essential PostgreSQL configuration parameters that directly impact performance, with Read more about PostgreSQL Configuration Parameters: Essential Settings Guide[…]

Mastering PSQL: Enable Timings and Fetch All Rows Without Paging

Posted on by sanjeeva

PostgreSQL’s interactive terminal, psql, is an incredibly powerful tool for managing databases and executing queries. In this blog, we’ll discuss how to measure query execution time using “timing” and fetch all rows of a query result without paging using “\pset pager off”`. Let’s dive in step-by-step. Why Enable Timing in PSQL? When optimizing your SQL Read more about Mastering PSQL: Enable Timings and Fetch All Rows Without Paging[…]

Data Replication Setup Using Master and Slave: PostgreSQL- IV

Posted on by sanjeeva

This is last and final blog on Master-Slave replication in PostgreSQL database. In last blog, we have seen Async node setup. We are exploring Sync node in this blog. We will use the same automation script for Sync node also with two changes in master and one change in slave configuration. Let’s start with master. Read more about Data Replication Setup Using Master and Slave: PostgreSQL- IV[…]

Data Replication Setup Using Master and Slave: PostgreSQL- III

Posted on by sanjeeva

In last few blogs, we have seen how to automate steps required to setup Master-slave nodes. This blog would be the last in this series. Until now we have discussed how the architecture should look like and what parameters are needed to be modified to what value on master and slave node. In this blog, Read more about Data Replication Setup Using Master and Slave: PostgreSQL- III[…]

PostgreSQL Meta-Command using psql: Command Information -IV

Posted on by sanjeeva

This is in continuation of My last blog about Meta Commands in PostgreSQL. In last blog I have explained what a Meta command and how to list databases. In next few blogs we will explore few of Meta commands. Lets start exploring schemas. Visit this series of last blog for other command. The command we Read more about PostgreSQL Meta-Command using psql: Command Information -IV[…]

Data Replication Setup Using Master and Slave: PostgreSQL – I

Posted on by sanjeeva

In last few blogs, we have seen how to automate steps required to setup Master-slave nodes. In next few blogs we will explore how High Availability(HA) will be setup. In this blog we will talk about how the architecture look like. To achieve HA in the PostgreSQL database, we should setup a Master-Slave replication environment Read more about Data Replication Setup Using Master and Slave: PostgreSQL – I[…]

Data Replication Setup Using Master and Slave: PostgreSQL – II

Posted on by sanjeeva

In last few blogs, we have seen how to automate steps required to setup Master-slave nodes. In next few blogs we will explore how High Availability(HA) will be setup. We can implement this master-slave environment on separate VMs. We can also implement this on the same machine. For blogging purposes, we will use the same machine for Read more about Data Replication Setup Using Master and Slave: PostgreSQL – II[…]

Automating Master and slave replication: PostgreSQL – I

Posted on by sanjeeva

Master-slave replication setup is the implementation of HA in PostgreSQL. Deployment architecture of 1 master and at least one slave in SYNC mode would be able to provide senses of High Availability of the database. To achieve this we require some steps to be performed into the database which will make one of the nodes Read more about Automating Master and slave replication: PostgreSQL – I[…]

MVCC Concurrency Architecture: PostgreSQL way of implementation – III( pros/cons)

Posted on by sanjeeva

We have explored the PostgreSQL implementation of MVCC in the last two blogs. We will understand the pros and cons of this way of implementation in this blog. This implementation avoided the need for locking of a tuple for any possible updates because the updates are not in-place. Updates in PostgreSQL are creating a complete Read more about MVCC Concurrency Architecture: PostgreSQL way of implementation – III( pros/cons)[…]

PostGIS Installation with PostgreSQL

Posted on by sanjeeva

PostgreSQL supports many other tools in form of database extensions like UUID support, dblink. In the same way, it also supports geographic and spatial data with help of PostGIS. This blog will explain how to install PostGIS 2.5 which can be used by PostgreSQL 11. There are many version of this spatial extension of database Read more about PostGIS Installation with PostgreSQL[…]

What is a Database Cluster: PostgreSQL

Posted on by sanjeeva

In the last blog, we have installed PostgreSQL on different Linux platforms ( CentOs, Ubuntu). However, We have leftover to initialize the installation and connection to the database that we will discuss here. Postgres provides more than one way to initialize a database cluster. We will use pg_createcluster in this blog. But before that, we Read more about What is a Database Cluster: PostgreSQL[…]

PostgreSQL Meta-Command using psql: Command Information -III

Posted on by sanjeeva

This is in continuation of My last blog about Meta Commands in PostgreSQL. In last blog I have explained what a Meta command and how to list databases. In next few blogs we will explore few of Meta commands. Lets start exploring schemas. Visit this series of last blog for other command. The command we Read more about PostgreSQL Meta-Command using psql: Command Information -III[…]

PostgreSQL Meta-Command using psql: Command Information -II

Posted on by sanjeeva

This is in continuation of My last blog about Meta Commands in PostgreSQL. In last blog I have explained what a Meta command is all about. In next few blogs we will explore few of Meta commands. Lets start exploring databases. The command we will explore here is:1. \l2. \c Once you connected to a Read more about PostgreSQL Meta-Command using psql: Command Information -II[…]

MVCC Concurrency Architecture: PostgreSQL way of implementation – II

Posted on by sanjeeva

This is in continuation from my last blog on PostgreSQL implementation of MVCC. We will understand transaction id (XID), versioning of a tuple (xmin & xmax) in more detail. Before we move to understand the implementation of a transaction using MVCC, let’s first understand how a tuple is created/updated/deleted. PostgreSQL assigns the current transaction id Read more about MVCC Concurrency Architecture: PostgreSQL way of implementation – II[…]

Concurrency Control in PostgreSQL

Posted on by sanjeeva

In previous blog, we have detailed out about the inception of PostgreSQL. In this blog, we will explain the architecture (MVCC) with respect to PostgreSQL. Concurrency Control: There are more than one way to provide concurrency control by database. Concurrency is an important factor to allow many users to work on the same dataset at Read more about Concurrency Control in PostgreSQL[…]

PostgreSQL Meta-Command using psql: Command Information -I

Posted on by sanjeeva

This is in continuation of My last blog about Meta Commands in PostgreSQL. In last blog we have explained what a Meta command is all about. In next few blogs we will explore few of Meta commands. Let’s start with psql command itself. Once we logged in using psql, the environment should be look like Read more about PostgreSQL Meta-Command using psql: Command Information -I[…]

PostgreSQL Meta-Command using psql: Generic Information

Posted on by sanjeeva

In our last blog we have discussed the history of origination of PostgreSQL database. This database, like all other RDBMS, has more than one interface to connect to the database. PostgreSQL has psql program as command line interface (CLI) and PgAdmin as graphical user interface (GUI) psql as complete set of commands through which we Read more about PostgreSQL Meta-Command using psql: Generic Information[…]

PostgreSQL Installation on CentOS 7

Posted on by sanjeeva

There are multiple ways of installation of the PostgreSQL database on Unix like platforms. We will explore the installation of PostgreSQL version 12 on CentOS 7 using YUM installation. Let’s start. Verifying the version of CentOS: root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -q centos-release centos-release-7-7.1908.0.el7.centos.x86_64 PostgreSQL allows us to download many version across multiple platform, one should visit its official Read more about PostgreSQL Installation on CentOS 7[…]

PostgreSQL Installation on Ubuntu

Posted on by sanjeeva

There are multiple ways of installation of the PostgreSQL database on Unix like platforms. We will explore the installation of PostgreSQL version 11 on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS using apt installation. Let’s start. Login to Ubuntu and check the version of Ubuntu. postgres@sanjeeva:/home/sanjeeva/postgres$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS Release: Read more about PostgreSQL Installation on Ubuntu[…]

Evolvement of PostgreSQL: Background

Posted on by sanjeeva

Research papers of “System R” from IBM were initially picked up by two professors, Michael Stonebraker and Eugene Wong, at Berkeley University, California. This resulted in a new database called INteractive Graphics REtrieval System i.e. “Ingres“. The work done by this duo for Ingres becomes the foundation of many relational databases like MS SQL Server, Read more about Evolvement of PostgreSQL: Background[…]